• Debasis Biswas
• Mousumi Biswas
• Prof. Malina Jain

Habits are behaviour associations in memory that develop as people repeatedly experience rewards for a given action in a given context. Certain habits are likely to bring about pathological changes in tissues, if continued for a long time. Amongst Indian people, the habit of smoking and tobacco chewing appears to be widespread and is cutting through all cross-sections of the society. The use of smoked or smokeless tobacco forms can have systemic as well as local effects. Saliva is essential for oral hygiene and is an important fluid that helps in protection, lubrication, solubilizing food, remineralization of teeth and many more. The secretion of saliva is a complex physiological process, and its composition and flow vary greatly depending on the circumstances. On average, 0.75 to 1.5 L of saliva is secreted daily. During eating, chewing, and other stimulatory activities, the flow rate of saliva can increase up to 4.0-5.0 ml/min from the unstimulated rate of 0.3-0.5 ml/min. The normal alpha amylase level of saliva ranges from 126-160 U/ml. Saliva is the first biological fluid that gets exposed to the toxic chemicals present in tobacco or areca nut in the oral cavity. This study examined the effect of long-term tobacco use on salivary flow rate and salivary amylase level. The results showed that long-term tobacco use significantly reduced both salivary secretion and salivary amylase level.

saliva, tobacco, unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate, salivary amylase

"EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM TOBACCO USE ON SALIVARY FLOW RATE AND AMYLASE LEVEL", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.10, Issue 5, page no.e408-e422, May-2023, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2305458.pdf

"EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM TOBACCO USE ON SALIVARY FLOW RATE AND AMYLASE LEVEL", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.10, Issue 5, page no. ppe408-e422, May-2023, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2305458.pdf