• Staley Arya
• Girish Kumar Tiwari

This paper presents a detailed study of problems arising in underwater communication and also presents the application and challenges of underwater sensor networks (UWSNs). Over the past few decades, ocean exploration activities have been steadily increasing. We work on RF propagation to a larger distance using cross-medium communication but, in this paper, we only present the research challenges on UWSNs in long-distance transmission of RF waves. The data transfer rate, network coverage, impact on marine life, and propagation speed all these factors play a major role in communication carriers for UWSNs. Navigation, military purposes, fishing, ecology, weather influence and support for petroleum offshore exploration are some of the applications of UWSNs.

Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs), RF waves, Underwater Communication, Cross medium communication.

"Underwater Transmission Techniques for Subsea Data Acquisition", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.10, Issue 7, page no.i493-i497, July-2023, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2307869.pdf

"Underwater Transmission Techniques for Subsea Data Acquisition", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.10, Issue 7, page no. ppi493-i497, July-2023, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2307869.pdf