• Mehak Jain
• Ranjeet Kaur
• Shalini Sharma

The present study has an effort to identify the capabilities of farm women, and their choices of freedom and to find out the association of socioeconomic characteristics with resources. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select three districts, six blocks, and 18 villages from three agro-climatic zones of Punjab and interviewed the male as well as females of 240 farm households. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of farm women (82%) had the freedom to visit the market, parental home, and social ceremonies independently and the rest were accompanied by their family members. Three fourth of farm women (76.25%) did not exercise their right to vote freely as it was influenced by male members of the family and 20.83 percent of farm women were Panchayat members with partial participation (62%) in Panchayati activities. The further study observed the active participation of farm women in social (48.33%) and religious (52.50%) activities rather than in political activities despite being Panchayati members. Farm women's age, education, and occupation were significantly associated with social and human resources. It implied that educated and working farm women experience more freedom and mobility in society and had exposure to using mobile phones, social media, print media, etc. The study suggested that peculiar cultural values of the region could be made more inclusive to overcome gender discriminatory practices by initiating gender sensitization and behavior change strategies among rural masses and women panchayat members’ judgments and opinions must be involved and considered well in the decision-making process about village development and welfare for gender neutral structural changes.

Freedom, capabilities, empowerment, mobility, agriculture.

"Enhancing capabilities and freedom for empowering farm women in Punjab: A sociological analysis", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.10, Issue 8, page no.f282-f290, August-2023, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2308533.pdf

"Enhancing capabilities and freedom for empowering farm women in Punjab: A sociological analysis", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.10, Issue 8, page no. ppf282-f290, August-2023, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2308533.pdf