• Mr. Gouranga Gaunia

Sand mining is the process of removing sand and gravel, and it is becoming an environmental issue as the demand for sand in industry and construction grows. Sand mining‟ is a practice that is used to extract sand, from various environments, such as beaches, and inland dunes and dredged from ocean beds, and river beds of deltaic regions. The mining is in operation in all the continents of the Globe. Environmental problems occur when the rate of extraction of sand, gravel and other materials exceeds the rate of deposition. Sand mining has several effects on the river environment. Sand mining disturbs and destroys the habitat in mined areas. It causes changes in the river's channel form, physical habitats, and food webs - the river's ecosystem. It also increases the velocity of the flow in the river, which destroys the flow regime and eventually erodes the river banks. Sand mining is the extraction of sand from various environments, such as beaches, inland dunes, ocean beds, and deltaic river beds. When the rate of extraction of sand, gravel, and other materials exceeds the rate of deposition, environmental issues arise.

Sand Mining, impact, environment

"Sand Mining and its Impact on Environment: A study in Haldia Municipality, Haldia, Purba Medinipur.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.10, Issue 11, page no.f715-f723, November-2023, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2311587.pdf

"Sand Mining and its Impact on Environment: A study in Haldia Municipality, Haldia, Purba Medinipur.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.10, Issue 11, page no. ppf715-f723, November-2023, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2311587.pdf