• K. Tejaswini
• V. Hema Kavya
• V.L. Jyothsna
• V.Manohar
• T. Rajya Lakshmi, P. Ujwala Rama Chandra,V L S S PAVAN KUMAR

The pathogenesis of Raynaud's phenomenon remains incompletely understood, but significant strides in comprehension have occurred over the past two decades regarding various contributing mechanisms. It is crucial to note that Raynaud's phenomenon can manifest either as a primary (idiopathic) condition or as a secondary phenomenon linked to various underlying conditions. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology differ across these conditions. This review focuses on specific subtypes of Raynaud's phenomenon that are particularly relevant to rheumatologists: those associated with systemic sclerosis, primary Raynaud's phenomenon, and Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to hand–arm vibration syndrome. This review aims on the primary mechanisms believed to play a significant role in pathophysiology, categorized broadly as 'vascular,' 'neural,' and 'intravascular.' While these distinctions are somewhat artificial because of their interrelated nature, they aid in discussing key elements: the blood vessel wall (especially the endothelium), neural regulation of vascular tone, and various circulating factors capable of impeding blood flow or causing endothelial injury. Vascular abnormalities encompass both structural and functional aspects. Neural abnormalities involve the deficiency of the vasodilator calcitonin gene-related peptide (released from sensory afferents), activation of α2-adrenoreceptors (potentially with up-regulation of the typically 'silent' α2C-adrenoreceptor), and a component related to the central nervous system. Intravascular abnormalities include platelet activation, impaired fibrinolysis, heightened viscosity, and likely oxidant stress.

Raynaud’s phenomenon Prognosis, Raynaud’s disease, mean platelet volume, peripheral vascular disease, platelet activation.

"A Review on Raynaud’s Phenomenon", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.10, Issue 12, page no.f510-f517, December-2023, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2312561.pdf

"A Review on Raynaud’s Phenomenon", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.10, Issue 12, page no. ppf510-f517, December-2023, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2312561.pdf