• Manjot Kaur

This article illustrates the pessimism in Victorian Era and Literature. With the enthronement of the Queen Victoria as the monarch of great Britain and Ireland in the year 1837, there began a new Era or phase of the English society which saw a dramatic shift in nearly every sphere of life especially in that of science & technology, literature and religion. Pessimism can be described as a tendency to think negatively. Victorian Era is perhaps a most versatile period in the history of English literature. Many writers of this period including Alfred Lord Tennyson, Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, Matthew Arnold explored the themes of social injustice and harsh realities of the Victorian society.

Industrial Revolution, Science vs Religion, Pessimism in working class people’s lives.

"Pessimism in the Victorian Era and Literature", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 1, page no.d776-d778, January-2024, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2401394.pdf

"Pessimism in the Victorian Era and Literature", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 1, page no. ppd776-d778, January-2024, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2401394.pdf