• DR Umer Mushtaq

Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are devices that convert the sun's energy into electricity. They are made up of semiconductor materials, typically silicon, which absorb photons from sunlight and release electrons, creating an electric current. Solar cells work on the principle of the photoelectric effect, where the absorption of photons by semiconductor material causes electrons to move freely and generate an electric current. The key component of a solar cell is the p-n junction, a boundary between two layers of semiconductor materials with different electrical properties. When light hits the cell, it creates electron-hole pairs, and the electric field at the p-n junction separates the charges, allowing the electrons to flow in one direction and create an electric current. Solar cells come in various types, including monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin-film solar cells. Monocrystalline cells are made from a single crystal structure, offering the highest efficiency but at a higher cost. Polycrystalline cells are made up of multiple crystal structures and are less expensive but slightly less efficient. Thin-film solar cells use a thin layer of semiconductor material and are more cost-effective but have lower efficiency. Solar cells are widely used in solar panels to generate electricity for residential, commercial, and industrial purposes. They can be installed on rooftops, in solar farms, or in space satellites. Solar energy is a renewable and sustainable source of electricity and helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. Advancements in solar cell technology continue to increase their efficiency and reduce costs, making solar power more accessible and widely adopted as a clean energy solution.

Solar Cells, Nano Thin Films, Electrodeposition, Green Energy, Polymer, ITO

"Solar Cells Nano Thin Films and Polymer: An alternative source of Fossil Fuels and act as a Green Energy", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 2, page no.b197-b202, February-2024, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2402121.pdf

"Solar Cells Nano Thin Films and Polymer: An alternative source of Fossil Fuels and act as a Green Energy", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 2, page no. ppb197-b202, February-2024, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2402121.pdf