• Syeda Hameda Nishath
• Maliha Mirza
• Fatima Umaira Saeed

Liver cancer, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), represents a significant global health burden with high morbidity and mortality rates. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of liver cancer and its management, focusing on key aspects such as etiology, diagnosis, treatment modalities, and prognosis. Chronic viral hepatitis B and C infections, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and aflatoxin exposure are major risk factors for developing HCC. Understanding the underlying etiology is crucial for both prevention and management strategies. Diagnosis of liver cancer involves a combination of imaging modalities such as ultrasound, CT scans, MRI, and biopsy. Early detection through surveillance programs targeting high-risk populations can significantly improve treatment outcomes. Treatment for liver cancer includes both surgical therapy as well as pharmacological therapy. Surgical therapy like surgical resection, liver transplantation, locoregional therapies (radiofrequency ablation, transarterial chemoembolization), systemic therapies (chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy), and palliative care where as pharmacological therapy include Sorafenib, Lenvatinib, Regorafenib, Pembrolizumab, Doxorubicin, Cabozantinib, Combination therapy: Atezolizumab & Bevacizumab. The selection of treatment depends on the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and the underlying liver function. The prognosis of liver cancer varies widely based on the stage at diagnosis and the effectiveness of treatment. While early-stage HCC is potentially curable with surgical resection or transplantation, advanced-stage disease has a poor prognosis. A multidisciplinary approach involving hepatologists, oncologists, surgeons, radiologists, and supportive care teams is essential for optimal management and improved patient outcomes. Further research and advancements in treatment modalities are needed to address the challenges posed by liver cancer globally.

Liver cancer, Hepatitis B and C infections, Biopsy, Surgical therapy, Pharmacological therapy.

"ADVANCEMENTS IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF LIVER CANCER: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 3, page no.c144-c160, March-2024, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2403218.pdf

"ADVANCEMENTS IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF LIVER CANCER: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 3, page no. ppc144-c160, March-2024, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2403218.pdf