• Caleb Abdullahi Ibrahim

This study presents the investigation of the optimum operating conditions of temperature, time and solvent to biomass ratio on two responses (oil yield and solvent recovery) using n-hexane as the extraction solvent. 18 experimental runs were obtained using Central Design of Experiment, through which oil was extracted from pulverized desert date seed kernel using Soxhlet extraction technique. Optimization was carried out considering some factors; Temperature (50-70 ºC), time (1-4 hrs), and biomass/solvent ratio (7.5-15 mL/g) respectively. Afterwards, the obtained experimental runs data were fitted to a quadratic model and was analyzed statistically by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Physicochemical characterization and FTIR analysis of the oil was carried out. The results of the physicochemical analysis of the oil showed that Saponification value was 204.76 mg KOH/g, Iodine value of 76.14 mgL/g, Acid value of 2.2 mgL/g, Free fatty acid of 1.1 mgL/g, Relative density of 0.8225mg/ml, Specific gravity of 0.8410, Viscosity of 3.1mPas, Kinematic viscosity of 3.769cp and oil yield of 55.288%. FTIR results showed the presence of Aromatics (=C-H) and Aliphatics (C-H) functional group. Results showed that the model fits the analysis with p-values of 0.0013 and 0.0006 for the response on oil yield and solvent recovery respectively. However, it was observed that the effect of time and temperature was significant on both response on oil yield and solvent recovery. The optimum extraction yield of 55.29% was attained at optimum conditions of 67 ⁰C, 4.34 hrs and 13.37 (150 mL/11g) of temperature, time and biomass ratio respectively. The amount of oil extracted experimentally at these conditions was 53.83%.

Bio-Oil, Desert-Date Seeds, Optimization, Physicochemical

"Optimization and Physicochemical Analysis of Oil Extracted from Desert Date Seed", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 5, page no.h462-h471, May-2024, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2405758.pdf

"Optimization and Physicochemical Analysis of Oil Extracted from Desert Date Seed", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 5, page no. pph462-h471, May-2024, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2405758.pdf