• Adnan A.Gauri
• Gouri S. Patil
• Yash D. Chavan
• Sufiyan G. Shaikh
• Farhan D. Kazi

Traffic congestion is a condition in transport that is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queueing. Traffic congestion on urban road networks has increased substantially since the 1950s. When traffic demand is great enough that the interaction between vehicles slows the traffic stream, this results in congestion. While congestion is a possibility for any mode of transportation, this article will focus on automobile congestion on public roads. As demand approaches the capacity of a road (or of the intersections along the road), extreme traffic congestion sets in. When vehicles are fully stopped for periods of time, this is known as a traffic jam or (informally) a traffic snarl-up or a tailback. Drivers can become frustrated and engage in road rage. Drivers and driver-focused road planning departments commonly propose to alleviate congestion by adding another lane to the road. This is ineffective: increasing road capacity induces more demand for driving. Mathematically, traffic is modeled as a flow through a fixed point on the route, analogously to fluid dynamics.

"Effective Optimisation and Solutions for Traffic Congestion in Pune", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 5, page no.o509-o516, May-2024, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2405F57.pdf

"Effective Optimisation and Solutions for Traffic Congestion in Pune", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 5, page no. ppo509-o516, May-2024, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2405F57.pdf