• SADAF
• Rabia Riaz
• Tabassum Latafat

Gout, known as "Niqris" in Unani medicine, is derived from the Unani word "Anqarūs," meaning the joint of the great toe. It typically occurs in the great toe, thus named Niqris. Historical descriptions by Ibn Sina (980-1037 AD) and Ibn Nafees (1210-1288 AD) detail that Niqris pain often starts from the great toe but can also begin at the heel or ankle and spread across the foot, sometimes presenting with redness, tenderness, swelling, rigor, and low-grade fever. In Unani literature it is classified as Damwi (Sanguineous) Safrawi (Bilious) Balghami (Phlegmatic) and Saudavi (Melancholic) based on humours (Akhlaat) involved. In modern medicine, gout is caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints and tissues. Risk factors include male sex, obesity, hypertension, alcohol intake, diuretic use, diets high in meat, seafood, and fructose-rich foods and beverages, chronic kidney disease, certain ethnic groups, and living in high-income countries. Clinically, gout is characterized by swelling, pain, or tenderness in peripheral joints or bursae, often with tophus development. Diagnosis can be made using validated clinical prediction rules, and arthrocentesis with synovial fluid or tophus. Acute gout episodes are treated with colchicine, NSAIDs, and corticosteroids. Although modern treatments are effective, they often have adverse effects, leading to increased interest in traditional systems of medicine like Unani. In the Unani System of Medicine, it can be managed by using regimental therapy, diet therapy and pharmacotherapy.

Niqris, Gout, Unani Medicine

"A Review of Gout in Unani and Modern Medicine: Correlating Gout and Niqris", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 7, page no.h284-h293, July-2024, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2407738.pdf

"A Review of Gout in Unani and Modern Medicine: Correlating Gout and Niqris", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 7, page no. pph284-h293, July-2024, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2407738.pdf