Abstract
This study examines recent advancements in mobile phone battery technology, exploring the evolution of battery types from nickel-cadmium to lithium-ion and lithium-polymer, and the integration of fast and wireless charging, as well as the potential of emerging technologies like solid-state and graphene batteries. These innovations have significantly improved energy density, efficiency, and charging speed, addressing the growing power demands of modern smartphones while enhancing user convenience, safety, and sustainability. The research highlights the parallel advancements in battery technology across iPhone and Android devices. For iPhones, the progression from the introduction of lithium-ion batteries in 2007 to the incorporation of features like A-series chips, Retina displays, and optimized charging reflects Apple’s commitment to enhancing battery longevity and performance. Similarly, Android smartphones have transitioned from earlier battery types to advanced lithium-ion batteries, integrating fast charging, AI-driven battery management, and exploring next-generation battery materials. Both platforms offer robust software features to optimize battery usage and extend battery life, leveraging machine learning and user data to manage power consumption effectively. However, mobile phone batteries still face challenges such as capacity limitations, degradation from fast charging, safety risks, and environmental concerns related to raw material sourcing and recycling. The study also delves into the forensic investigation of power events on Xiaomi phones, specifically the Poco F1 model running Android 10, by analyzing system logs that record charging events, power cycles, and device usage patterns. This forensic analysis aids in reconstructing timelines, detecting tampering, and understanding user behavior, which is crucial in investigations. Overall, the study provides a comprehensive review of battery technology advancements, management features, challenges, and forensic applications in modern smartphones.