• Dr. Rituparna Datta Roy

The nineteenth- century Victorian England put a very high premium on women’s morality and chastity. Any “deviation’’ from the accepted “code of conduct’’ was dealt with utmost severity. Following the social norm, the contemporary novels usually showed the “fallen” women as dead at the end of the story, to keep the society “pure” by weeding out these “impure creatures”. Thus Thomas Hardy “killed” Fanny Robin in his novel, Far from the Madding Crowd, in 1874. Times changed, and, twenty years later, in Esther Waters, George Moore showed both Esther and her illegitimate son, Jack, to be alive and thriving.

Victorian England, Chastity, Deviation, Severity, Social Norms, “Fallen” Women

"Duped yet Disparate: Fanny and Esther", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 8, page no.f418-f422, August-2024, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2408654.pdf

"Duped yet Disparate: Fanny and Esther", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 8, page no. ppf418-f422, August-2024, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2408654.pdf