• DR.MANJUNATHA T

The most important merchant guilds of South India during ancient times were The Ayyavole -500,Manigraman, Nagarattar, Anjavannam and Valanjiyar. Geographically, the area of their operation corresponded to the present day state of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu Telangana,Kerala,Goa and Andhra Pradesh.RanabirChakrabarti states that the Chola kings from the tenth century onwards made a concerted effort in trade and commerce through trade missions, maritime expeditions, abolition of tolls, etc. It greatly increased the activities of these guilds which were involved in not only inter-regional but also inter-oceanic trade across the Bay of Bengal.

Ayyahole-500,merchant guild, run by swamijis or seers in south India. estblished trading contact with many Asian countries.

"“Ayyahole-500: An ancient Merchant Guild of South India”", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 9, page no.e197-e199, September-2024, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2409425.pdf

"“Ayyahole-500: An ancient Merchant Guild of South India”", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 9, page no. ppe197-e199, September-2024, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2409425.pdf