Abstract
Ammi visnaga L., a biennial seasoning native to the Mediterranean area of Europe, North Africa, and Asia, is sometimes referred to as khella baldi or toothpick weed (Family Umbelliferae). The herb has long been utilised in traditional medicine. These days, it's employed as an antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, and larvicidal agent against mosquito larvae. It also treats several nutritional disorders similar to renal stomach pain and cardiac insufficiency. γ-pyrenes (furanochromone up to 4) were present in Ammi visnaga in the highest mixtures: khellin (0.3–1.2), visnagin (0.05–0.30), khellinol, ammiol, khellol, and khellinin. The primary component of Ammi visnaga is the pyranocoumarin visnadin (0.3), which is also present in fixed oils (up to 18) and coumarin (0.2–0.5). Ammi visnaga L. was also used to treat pyrones with success. There are several antimicrobial activities and effective smooth muscle relaxants, particularly for vascular smooth muscle. Its flavonoid concentration is what gives it its antioxidant activity, and its essential oil is said to have larvicidal, antiviral, and antibacterial properties. Its γ-pyrone component relaxes smooth muscle, particularly the coronary roads, and has a significant impact on reducing renal pain and facilitating the flow of order monuments. Because of the presence of γ-pyrones, coumarins, flavonoids, and essential oils, it offers a variety of pharmacological benefits. Additionally, the primary phyto-constituent of it, khellin, is useful for photochemotherapy of skin disorders. It possesses a furanochrome structure that is acquired by birth from the seeds of the Ammi visnaga L. In this context, studies on khellin topical distribution have grown, and focus has turned to using nanocarriers to achieve optimal khellin stability and efficacy for the treatment of many skin disorders, including vitiligo and psoriasis.