Abstract
This study evaluates the infrastructure facilities and learning outcomes in Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs) of Lower Assam, a region characterized by educational and economic backwardness. KGBVs, launched under the Central government of India , aim to provide residential schooling to girls from marginalized communities such as Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), Other Backward Classes (OBC), and minorities. The research focuses on five districts—Dhubri, Goalpara, Barpeta, Bongaigaon, and Kokrajhar—where gender disparities, poverty, and early school dropouts are prevalent. Using a qualitative approach and secondary data from official government and academic sources, the study explores the condition of physical infrastructure (classrooms, hostels, sanitation), digital facilities (computers, internet), and support services (nutrition, healthcare, security). It also assesses academic performance, retention, and non-cognitive skills like communication and confidence among students.
Findings reveal significant infrastructural disparities, such as inadequate hostels, poor sanitation, and minimal digital access. These shortcomings directly impact attendance, retention, and learning outcomes, particularly in Mathematics and Science. Despite improvements in enrollment and delay in early marriage, many KGBVs struggle with staff shortages, outdated resources, and limited pedagogical innovation. Girls from Muslim and tribal communities, who make up a large portion of the student population, face compounded disadvantages due to poverty and geographic isolation. The study concludes with recommendations for infrastructure upgrades, curriculum reforms, teacher training, and enhanced community involvement. Strengthening these elements is crucial to realizing the full potential of KGBVs in empowering marginalized girls through quality education in Lower Assam.