• Prof. Zameer Shah
• Prof. Tejas J. Sharma
• Mr. Akash S. Ingale
• Mr. Sagar Y. Kale
• Mr. Adil Shah

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death globally, posing significant challenges due to its complex nature and heterogeneity [1]. Traditional treatment methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, while somewhat effective, often come with limitations, including toxicity and the development of resistance, especially in advanced or metastatic cases [2]. Immunotherapy has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach, leveraging the body's immune system to identify and eliminate cancer cells by enhancing the body's innate defense mechanisms [3]. This review aims to explore the principal mechanisms of immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T-cell therapies, cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses, and cytokine-based therapies [4]. Each approach represents a unique modality for engaging the immune system, though each also presents distinct challenges, such as immune-related adverse events, high costs, and issues related to resistance and limited accessibility [5]. In recent years, immunotherapy has shown remarkable progress, especially in certain solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, providing new hope to patients with previously untreatable cancers [6]. However, despite its promise, immunotherapy is not without limitations. The development of resistance mechanisms by tumors, the occurrence of severe side effects, and the prohibitive costs of these treatments remain pressing issues [7]. Future directions in the field focus on enhancing the efficacy and accessibility of immunotherapy, including the development of “off-the-shelf” CAR T-cells, personalized immunotherapy based on tumor-specific neoantigens, and strategies to modulate the tumor microenvironment for improved immune infiltration and response [8]. In conclusion, immunotherapy represents a transformative shift in cancer treatment, with ongoing research aiming to overcome its current limitations and broaden its applicability across cancer types, ultimately aiming to establish it as a cornerstone of cancer treatment [9].

Cancer, Immunotherapy, Future Directions

"The Role Of Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment: Mechanism, Progress, Challenges and Future Directions", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 11, page no.b719-b727, November-2024, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2411190.pdf

"The Role Of Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment: Mechanism, Progress, Challenges and Future Directions", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 11, page no. ppb719-b727, November-2024, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2411190.pdf