• DR. M. SPHURTHY MITRA
• Y pramod kumar

Since its discovery in 1947 in Uganda, the Zika virus has been a major public health concern because of its quick spread and related consequences. Zika, which is a member of the Flaviviridae family, is mostly communicated to humans via the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito, especially Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, which, in turn, carry the dengue and chikungunya viruses. It is frequently difficult to distinguish Zika virus infections from other mosquito-borne illnesses due to their moderate symptoms, which include fever, rash, conjunctivitis, and joint discomfort. Zika, however, is especially dangerous for expectant mothers since infections during pregnancy have been associated with serious birth defects, including microcephaly, which causes brain damage and an abnormally tiny head in the fetus. Additionally, this congenital Zika condition Containment measures are made more difficult by the Zika virus's ability to transmit not only through mosquitoes but also through perinatal transmission, blood transfusions, and sexual contact. Although serological testing and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are diagnostic techniques for Zika, their precision may be limited by their cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses. Since there is currently no vaccine or specialized antiviral treatment for Zika, prevention is essential. Controlling mosquito populations, avoiding mosquito bites, and employing protective techniques in high-risk locations are the main goals of preventative measures. Zika's potential for quick global spread and the significant socioeconomic effect of Zika-related health issues were highlighted by the 2015–2016 outbreak in the Americas. It underlined the necessity of enhanced surveillance, studies on the long-term consequences of Zika, and quicker efforts to create a vaccine. The goal of ongoing research is to create efficient vaccines and treatments, increase diagnostic precision, and get a deeper understanding of the virus's pathogenesis. Zika virus and other vector-borne illnesses may become more common as global temperatures rise and urbanization increases mosquito habitats; therefore, strong international cooperation is required to prevent future outbreaks.

"THE RISE OF ZIKA VIRUS: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF ITS EMERGENCE, SPREAD, AND GLOBAL HEALTH CHALLENGES", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 11, page no.g111-g132, November-2024, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2411611.pdf

"THE RISE OF ZIKA VIRUS: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF ITS EMERGENCE, SPREAD, AND GLOBAL HEALTH CHALLENGES", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 11, page no. ppg111-g132, November-2024, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2411611.pdf