• Shrestha Sarkar
• Anjali
• Shiwani Sain

Depression, a common mental disorder, requires new therapeutic approaches continuously. In this review, the potential of various heterocyclic moieties found in marketed antidepressant drugs will be explored. It will highlight the synthesis techniques, derivatization strategies, and pharmacological importance of nitrogen-containing heterocyclics such as indole, piperidine, pyridine, pyrimidine, piperazine, and triazole. Furthermore, it brings to light the significance of oxygen and sulfur-based heterocycles including multi-heteroatom rings in antidepressant drug development. It has also highlighted that these compounds have great diversity in terms of their pharmacology due to their ability to regulate some key neurotransmitter systems involved in depression. Additionally, this review underpins derivatives that can change the chemical structure that affects drug delivery across BBB among many others. We also shed light on the synthesis of various heterocyclic moieties as well as their pharmacological relevance with a view to providing information for finding novel and efficient therapies against depressive illness specifically antidepressants used in practice today. Understanding the potential of heterocyclic compounds in developing antidepressant drugs holds promise for improving therapeutic efficacy and enhancing the management of depression, making it a crucial focus for psychiatry.

Keywords: heterocyclic compounds, depression, causes, indole, piperidine, pyridine.

"Exploring Heterocyclic Diversity: A Comprehensive Review on Antidepressant Drug Development", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 12, page no.a294-a323, December-2024, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2412028.pdf

"Exploring Heterocyclic Diversity: A Comprehensive Review on Antidepressant Drug Development", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 12, page no. ppa294-a323, December-2024, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2412028.pdf