• K. Malleswari
• Dr. D. Rama Brahma Reddy
• P. Jhansi

For many years, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the leading cause of death around the world. Often associated with CVD are comorbidities such as obesity, abnormal lipid profiles and insulin resistance. Insulin is a key hormone that functions as a regulator of cellular metabolism in many tissues in the human body. Insulin resistance is defined as a decrease in tissue response to insulin stimulation thus insulin resistance is characterized by defects in uptake and oxidation of glucose, a decrease in glycogen synthesis, and, to a lesser extent, the ability to suppress lipid oxidation. Literature widely suggests that free fatty acids are the predominant substrate used in the adult myocardium for ATP production, however, the cardiac metabolic network is highly flexible and can use other substrates, such as glucose, lactate or amino acids. During insulin resistance, several metabolic alterations induce the development of cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance can also alter systemic lipid metabolism which then leads to the development of dyslipidaemia and the well-known lipid triad: (1) high levels of plasma triglycerides, (2) low levels of high-density lipoprotein, and (3) the appearance of small dense low-density lipoproteins. This triad, along with endothelial dysfunction, which can also be induced by aberrant insulin signalling, contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Regarding the systemic consequences associated with insulin resistance and the metabolic cardiac alterations, it can be concluded that insulin resistance in the myocardium generates damage by at least three different mechanisms: (1) signal transduction alteration, (2) impaired regulation of substrate metabolism, and (3) altered delivery of substrates to the myocardium.

Insulin resistance, Hyperinsulinemia, Metabolism, Cardiovascular disease, Dyslipidaemia.

"ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INSULIN RESISTANCE LEADS DEVELOPMENT OF CARDIOVASCULARDISEAS", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 12, page no.d244-d253, December-2024, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2412329.pdf

"ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INSULIN RESISTANCE LEADS DEVELOPMENT OF CARDIOVASCULARDISEAS", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 12, page no. ppd244-d253, December-2024, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2412329.pdf