• Dr. Kanak Priya
• Dr. Kayinat Hassan
• Dr. Jasmine Anandabai
• Dr. Rashmi Kumari

Abstract This study assesses how well Frenkel's Exercises (FE) and Square Stepping Exercises (SSE) work in combination with traditional physiotherapy to improve balance and coordination in individuals with persistent traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: SSE with conventional physiotherapy (Group 1), FE with conventional physiotherapy (Group 2), and conventional physiotherapy alone (Group 3) comprised the three groups of 30 individuals with chronic TBI. Assessments were performed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and Cognitive-Motor Coordination Test before and after the six-week intervention. Results: Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed that Groups 1 and 2 had significantly better balance and coordination than Group 3 (p < 0.05). While the FE group showed significant improvements in coordination (Cognitive-Motor Coordination Test scores: +24%), the SSE group exhibited the greatest improvement in dynamic balance (BBS scores: +28%). Conclusion: Balance and coordination issues in TBI recovery can be effectively addressed by combining SSE and FE with traditional physiotherapy.

Keywords: Square Stepping Exercises, Frenkel's Exercises ,Conventional Physiotherapy, Improving Balance & Coordination, Chronic Head Injuries

"Square Stepping Exercises Versus Frenkel's Exercises Combined with Conventional Physiotherapy for Enhancing Balance and Coordination in Patients with Chronic Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Pilot Study", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 12, page no.e190-e196, December-2024, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2412420.pdf

"Square Stepping Exercises Versus Frenkel's Exercises Combined with Conventional Physiotherapy for Enhancing Balance and Coordination in Patients with Chronic Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Pilot Study", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.11, Issue 12, page no. ppe190-e196, December-2024, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2412420.pdf