Abstract
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) have emerged as a promising nanocarrier system in the field of oncology, particularly in the targeted treatment of breast cancer. SLNs, composed of biocompatible and biodegradable lipids, offer significant advantages over traditional drug delivery systems, including enhanced drug stability, controlled release profiles, and reduced systemic toxicity. Recent advancements in SLN formulations have enabled the encapsulation of a wide range of chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapeutic agents, and nucleic acids, thereby improving the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of these compounds in breast cancer therapy. The ability of SLNs to target tumor cells selectively through surface modification with ligands such as antibodies, peptides, and folate, facilitates site-specific drug delivery, enhancing treatment efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. Additionally, SLNs can exploit the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect, further contributing to their tumor-targeting potential. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of SLNs to overcome common challenges in breast cancer treatment, such as drug resistance, poor solubility of hydrophobic drugs, and the need for sustained drug release. Moreover, the integration of SLNs with multimodal therapy, including combination chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy, represents a promising strategy to address the complex and heterogeneous nature of breast cancer. Despite the promising preclinical and clinical data, challenges related to large-scale production, stability, and regulatory approval of SLN-based formulations remain. This review highlights the recent progress in SLN-based drug delivery systems for breast cancer treatment, discusses their current limitations, and outlines future directions for improving their clinical translation