• MOHANA PRIYA R
• Dhulasika B
• Gayathri M
• Hemakiruthika C
• Kathija Menal S

Abstract : Food spoilage and microbial contamination are significant challenges in the global food supply chain, impacting food safety, quality, and nutritional value. This review paper examines the factors contributing to food spoilage, including microbial activity, physical damage, and enzymatic reactions, with a particular focus on intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as pH, water activity, temperature, and humidity. The paper also discusses the global rise in fresh produce consumption and the corresponding concerns regarding microbial contamination, particularly in regions with inadequate post-harvest handling and urban agriculture practices. Additionally, the review explores microbial contamination and spoilage mechanisms in dairy products, canned foods, eggs, and poultry meat, highlighting key pathogens, spoilage indicators, and control measures such as temperature control, Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP). The review also delves into traditional and modern food preservation methods, emphasizing techniques such as drying, freezing, canning, and high-pressure processing. While traditional methods remain essential for extending shelf life, the increasing consumer demand for natural preservatives, such as essential oils and bacteriocins, reflects concerns about synthetic chemicals. The review concludes by highlighting the importance of continued research and innovation in food preservation technologies to balance safety, quality, and sustainability, ensuring a secure and nutritious food supply for the growing global population.

Food spoilage, dairy products, microbial growth, natural preservatives, high-pressure processing.

"Microbial Contamination, Spoilage Mechanisms, and Preservation Strategies in the Global Food Supply Chain: Challenges and Advances in Ensuring Food Safety and Quality", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 2, page no.d591-d594, February-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2502364.pdf

"Microbial Contamination, Spoilage Mechanisms, and Preservation Strategies in the Global Food Supply Chain: Challenges and Advances in Ensuring Food Safety and Quality", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 2, page no. ppd591-d594, February-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2502364.pdf