• Ashish Kumar
• Dr. R.C. Anu Chandran

The British colonial era significantly impacted the mining sector in the rich minerals region of Jharkhand. When the British administration started, these resources were exploited to promote Britain's economic development. The development of coalfields like Jharia and Bokaro after the late 18th-century coal finds in Jharkhand played a crucial role in shaping the social and financial circumstances of the area. In order to make the movement of minerals simpler, the British brought in infrastructure, such as railways and modern mining techniques. However, the indigenous inhabitants suffered an enormous cost for this development. Historically dependent on farming techniques, tribal communities were driven away from their lands without getting adequate reparation. The colonial government disturbed the local population's socioeconomic fabric and usual livelihoods by prioritizing resource exploitation over their well-being. In addition, under British rule, the mining industry was defined by substandard working conditions, exploitative labor practices, and inadequate pay for native workers. Deforestation and ecological degradation carried on by uncontrolled mining operations also had significant adverse effects on the natural environment. Industrial mining developed during the British era, but the local population was mainly kept out of its advantages, resulting in disparities in socioeconomic status that still exist today. The mining sector in Jharkhand is still an essential component of India's economy after independence, but it continues to confront the effects of colonial exploitation. Recognizing the history of British policies helps provide insight into the region's continuing efforts to establish fair and sustainable mining practices.

Jharkhand Mining, British Colonial Era, Resource Exploitation, Tribal Displacement, Industrial Development.

"Impact of the British Colonial Era on the Jharkhand Mining Sector", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 3, page no.d509-d518, March-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2503355.pdf

"Impact of the British Colonial Era on the Jharkhand Mining Sector", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 3, page no. ppd509-d518, March-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2503355.pdf