• Ms. Smriti
• Dr. Manoj Kumar Rastogi

The primary goal of a statistical survey is to collect data about a defined population based on the survey's objectives, resembling a scientific experiment that requires careful design and adherence to strict standards. Due to data variability and complexity, selecting and analyzing units from the population necessitates thorough scientific evaluation. Large-scale projects demand meticulous planning for effective data collection, and the analyzed data must be presented clearly to inform policy decisions. Statistical surveys can be conducted through complete enumeration, or census, which gathers data from every unit, or sample enumeration, which analyzes a subset. While a census offers detailed insights and can enhance public trust, logistical challenges often render it impractical, making sample surveys a more common and effective alternative that allows for valid conclusions about the entire population while maintaining individual anonymity. Sampling error is linked to sampling design and can be minimized by increasing sample size, which enhances representativeness and reliability of results. In contrast, non-sampling error encompasses all errors unrelated to the sampling process, such as measurement inaccuracies and response biases, and cannot be entirely eliminated. While sampling errors can be addressed through methodological adjustments, non-sampling errors require careful management to mitigate their impact on research outcomes. Understanding the differences between various error types is critical for researchers seeking accurate and reliable data.

Sampling Error, Non-Sampling Error, Randomized samples

"Sampling vs. Non-Sampling errors: An Overview", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 4, page no.n298-n304, April-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2504D38.pdf

"Sampling vs. Non-Sampling errors: An Overview", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 4, page no. ppn298-n304, April-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2504D38.pdf