• Prafulla Shrikrishna Chavan
• Dr. Ashok Thulluru
• Dr. Hemant Gangurde

Neuropathic pain (NP) arises from a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system and remains a major clinical challenge due to its complex etiology, persistent nature, and resistance to conventional analgesics. It is broadly categorized into central and peripheral neuropathic pain, each characterized by distinct pathophysiological mechanisms including neuronal hyperexcitability, glial activation, and neuroimmune alterations. The etiological spectrum of NP includes diabetes, viral infections, trauma, chemotherapeutic agents, and autoimmune disorders. A key mechanism underlying NP is oxidative stress, primarily driven by an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the endogenous antioxidant defense system, resulting in neuronal injury and sensitization. This review provides a detailed overview of NP, emphasizing preclinical rodent models such as chronic constriction injury (CCI), partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL), spared nerve injury (SNI), and chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. These models allow for comprehensive investigation of behavioral symptoms including mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, and biochemical parameters such as lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione levels, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Emerging studies highlight therapeutic advancements targeting oxidative pathways, including the Nrf2 signaling axis, ferroptosis modulation, and redox-sensitive ion channels like TRPM2. These developments present promising avenues for NP management, particularly through antioxidant-based interventions. This review consolidates current knowledge on NP mechanisms, animal models, redox biomarkers, and recent breakthroughs in antioxidant therapy, aiming to support the identification of novel therapeutic strategies and enhance translational relevance.

Neuropathic pain, Oxidative stress, Reactive oxygen species, Antioxidants, Animal models, Peripheral neuropathy.

""PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND OXIDATIVE STRESS MECHANISMS IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN: PRECLINICAL MODELING AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES"", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 5, page no.b779-b789, May-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2505193.pdf

""PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND OXIDATIVE STRESS MECHANISMS IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN: PRECLINICAL MODELING AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES"", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 5, page no. ppb779-b789, May-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2505193.pdf