• Rekha G. Dhammar
• Kunal N. Odedra
• Chetan Joshi
• B. A. Jadeja

This research assesses vegetation dynamics for the Porbandar District of Gujarat based on remote sensing and GIS methods over the years 2015, 2020, and 2025. Satellite data from Landsat 8 were utilized to calculate four essential spectral indices, which include NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), NDMI (Moisture Index), NDWI (Water Index), and NDBI (Built-up Index). These indices were examined to identify changes in vegetation health, moisture, water bodies, and urbanization. Results reveal a moderate but steady reduction in vegetated cover and water content, with rising urban expansion. Values of NDVI recorded an increase in non-vegetation by 3.45% and a fall in high vegetation by 2.1% between 2015 and 2025. NDWI depicted a 4.3% reduction in water-covered areas. The NDBI analysis affirmed remarkable urban expansion, where high built-up classes rose by 6.6%. This spatio-temporal evaluation offers essential input for sustainable urban planning and environmental protection within the district.

Vegetation Condition, Remote Sensing and GIS, Landsat data, Waterbody Index (NDWI), Built-up Index (NDBI), Moisture Index (NDMI), Vegetation Index (NDVI), Urbanization

"Ecological Trade-offs in a Semi-Arid Region: A Remote Sensing Study of Porbandar District’s Vegetation and Urban Growth", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 5, page no.c325-c332, May-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2505241.pdf

"Ecological Trade-offs in a Semi-Arid Region: A Remote Sensing Study of Porbandar District’s Vegetation and Urban Growth", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 5, page no. ppc325-c332, May-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2505241.pdf