• Charit D. Bisen
• Ar. Anjali V. Narad

Passive design principles are essential for developing eco-friendly buildings as they improve energy efficiency and indoor comfort while decreasing reliance on mechanical heating, cooling, and ventilation systems. These approaches utilize natural elements of the environment like sunlight, airflow, and thermal mass to create pleasant indoor conditions with low energy usage. By lessening dependence on artificial systems, passive design not only reduces operational expenses but also fosters environmental sustainability by lowering carbon emissions and conserving resources. A vital aspect of passive design is how a building is oriented. Proper orientation allows for maximum solar exposure in the winter and adequate shading during the summer, optimizing natural light while limiting heat accumulation. This orientation also promotes natural airflow, diminishing the necessity for energy-consuming cooling systems. Positioning windows and vents in alignment with dominant wind patterns enhances cross-ventilation, which boosts indoor air quality and decreases humidity levels. Shading plays a significant role in passive design as well. Architectural elements such as overhangs, louvers, and greenery help restrict excessive sunlight, keeping indoor temperatures lower and reducing the need for air conditioning. Furthermore, materials that have high thermal mass like brick, concrete, and stone are capable of absorbing and storing heat during the day and releasing it at night, thus stabilizing indoor temperature variations. This research paper delves into passive design tactics from both a global viewpoint and an Indian context, analyzing their effectiveness in various climatic conditions. Although these techniques are primarily embraced in developed nations, their adoption is on the rise in India due to increasing energy demands and goals for sustainable development. Through various case studies, this research emphasizes the long-term advantages of passive design, such as energy efficiency, improved occupant health, and enhanced environmental performance.

Passive Design, Sustainable building, Energy efficiency, Natural Ventilation, Thermal comfort, Solar orientation, Shading strategies, Building materials.

"Role of Principles of Passive Design for Sustainable Buildings.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 5, page no.e231-e238, May-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2505494.pdf

"Role of Principles of Passive Design for Sustainable Buildings.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 5, page no. ppe231-e238, May-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2505494.pdf