• Priya Bhandavi
• Vijay
• Ajay

Image caption generation is the art and science of automatically producing natural language descriptions for images in a way that closely reflects human interpretation. This technique has applications in various fields such as assistive technologies, content-based image retrieval, autonomous systems, and human-computer interaction. Image captioning combines computer vision and natural language processing to generate descriptive sentences based on the contents of an image. Common approaches include the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for feature extraction and Long Short- Term Memory (LSTM) networks for sequence generation. CNNs are responsible for identifying and encoding spatial features from images, while LSTMs decode these features into grammatically coherent and contextually relevant sentences. The primary objective of image captioning is to accurately capture the semantic content of an image and generate a human-like description. Secondary objectives include maintaining fluency, grammatical correctness, and contextual awareness in the generated captions. Image caption generators offer a powerful tool for automated image understanding and annotation. Advances in attention mechanisms, transformer models, and multimodal learning techniques continue to enhance the accuracy and descriptiveness of caption generation systems. However, ongoing research is essential to address challenges such as bias, hallucination in captions, and performance on complex or ambiguous visual scenes, ensuring the long- term utility and fairness of captioning models.

I m a g e C a p t i o n i n g , C N N , L S T M , D e e p L e a r n i n g , F e a t u r e E x t r a c t i o n , S e q u e n c e G e n e r a t i o n .

"Image Caption Generator", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 5, page no.g94-g100, May-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2505709.pdf

"Image Caption Generator", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 5, page no. ppg94-g100, May-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2505709.pdf