• Gagana S
• Deeksha S Reddy
• G Deekshitha
• Madhu Haromuchadi
• Ramya K R

This literature review presents a in-depth examination of the development and research work on the design and control of bipedal humanoid robotic legs. It discusses numerous mechanical configurations, actuation techniques, and regulated strategies developed during the last decades to simulate human walking. The review emphasizes key aspects like kinematic and dynamic modeling, trajectory planning, balance control, and sensory feedback integration for adaptive movement. In addition, it considers the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning for improving gait stability and adaptability on varied terrain. Based on the evaluation of different robotic systems and experimental results, the paper stresses the ongoing challenges of realizing efficient, stable, and energy-saving bipedal locomotion. This review is intended to establish the basis for understanding for researchers and engineers, recognizing areas left open by previous literature and suggesting directions for future exploration in the design of humanoid robotic legs.

Humanoid robotic leg, Bipedal locomotion, Gait control, Kinematic modeling, Dynamic modeling, Actuation system, Sensory feedback, Balance and stability

" BIPEDAL HUMANIOD ROBOTIC LEG", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 5, page no.h869-h872, May-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2505890.pdf

" BIPEDAL HUMANIOD ROBOTIC LEG", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 5, page no. pph869-h872, May-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2505890.pdf