• Nitesh Bhatt
• Dr Asha. R. Rawat

Crime and criminal are part of the society since time immemorial and pose an eminent challenge to the criminal justice system. The role of prisons has evolved with the passage of time as at one point of time prisons were only punitive in nature. But with the change in society, and progression of mindset it became an institution for reformation of the prisoners and the humanitarian aspect is coming to the fore. The paper studies Nelson Mandela Rules which provide common minimum rules for treatment of prisoners all over the world. India has implemented Model Prison Manual 2016 and distributed it all States and Union Territories for their guidance along with Nelson Mandela Rules. The paper will also study the data of National Crimes Record Bureau on prison statistics to identify the factors which hamper the effective implementation of the educational and vocational training programs in prison and suggest some positive changes.

Key words: Prison, Education, Vocation, Human rights, Reformation, Training

"Educational and Vocational Training in Prisons in India: Issues & Challenges", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 5, page no.l758-l762, May-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2505C78.pdf

"Educational and Vocational Training in Prisons in India: Issues & Challenges", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 5, page no. ppl758-l762, May-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2505C78.pdf