• Nidhi Simon
• Dr.Uma Mishra

This exploratory and critical review paper examines the intricate relationship between language, power, and respect within the framework of social hierarchies. Drawing exclusively on secondary data, the study navigates through theoretical perspectives and empirical observations in sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, and social theory to understand how communicative practices construct, reinforce, and occasionally challenge power relations. Language is not merely a neutral medium of expression; it is a potent social instrument that reflects and perpetuates structures of dominance and subordination. The paper engages with Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of linguistic capital, Michel Foucault’s theory of discourse and power, and Judith Butler’s notion of performativity to conceptualize language as a dynamic force in the negotiation of respect and authority. The literature reviewed reveals that social markers such as caste, class, gender, and institutional position significantly shape communicative codes. Forms of address, politeness strategies, code-switching, and honorifics often embody implicit power differentials, while deviations from these norms may be interpreted as either resistance or disrespect. The paper also highlights how marginalized groups reclaim linguistic space through subversive discourse and alternative narratives.

language, power, respect, social hierarchy, discourse, communicative practices, linguistic capital

"Language, Power, and Respect: A Study of Communicative Practices in Social Hierarchies", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 6, page no.b182-b192, June-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2506124.pdf

"Language, Power, and Respect: A Study of Communicative Practices in Social Hierarchies", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 6, page no. ppb182-b192, June-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2506124.pdf