• Sandeep Kumar Shriwas
• Dr. Chandrashekhar Shrivas
• Dr. N. K. Kashyap
• Dr. N. K. Swamy

Urbanization a dominant form of land-use change, profoundly reshapes wildlife habitats, driving behavioral adaptations critical for survival. This systematic review synthesizes global research to evaluate urbanization’s impact on animal behaviour, focusing on foraging, mating, migration, communication, and anti-predator strategies. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched peer-reviewed studies (2000–2025) in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, analyzing data on mammals, birds, insects, amphibians, and reptiles. Over 1,500 studies were screened, with 200 included for qualitative and quantitative synthesis. Key findings reveal consistent behavioral shifts: urban food availability alters foraging, with species like coyotes and sparrows exploiting anthropogenic resources, often reducing diet quality. Noise and light pollution disrupt mating signals, prompting birds to shift song frequencies and urban primates to exhibit aggressive mating behaviours. Migration routes are fragmented by urban barriers, forcing detours or sedentarization in species like deer and butterflies. Communication adapts to urban noise, with frogs and birds increasing call amplitudes, though efficacy may decline. Anti-predator responses show heightened vigilance in prey species (e.g., squirrels) but habituation in urban lizards, reducing flight distances. Species-specific case studies, including urban coyotes’ nocturnal shifts and bees’ reliance on ornamental plants, highlight resilience but also vulnerabilities, such as reduced genetic diversity. Geographic patterns indicate stronger adaptations in densely urbanized regions (e.g., North America, Europe) compared to rapidly urbanizing areas (e.g., India, Brazil), where human-wildlife conflict escalates. Research gaps include understudied taxa (e.g., amphibians) and long-term ecological impacts. The review proposes urban planning strategies, such as green corridors and noise barriers, to mitigate impacts and foster coexistence. By consolidating diverse findings, this work underscores the urgency of interdisciplinary approaches to balance urban development with biodiversity conservation, offering actionable insights for policymakers and researchers.

Urbanization, animal behaviour, adaptation, wildlife, behavioral ecology, human-wildlife conflict

"A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 7, page no.a785-a789, July-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2507079.pdf

"A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 7, page no. ppa785-a789, July-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2507079.pdf