• Sree Laxmi A J

Abstract: Throughout human history, conflict has been a persistent reality. As human civilization has advanced, so too have the means and methods of warfare. Today Artificial Intelligence has become a key component of modern warfare. Humanitarian intervention has been controversial both when it happens and when it has failed to happen. The concept of Responsibility to Protect was first presented in the report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty in 2001. The R2P is a humanitarian imperative that arose from the international community’s failure to prevent and respond to humanitarian crises. The then Secretary-General Kofi Annan, endorsed the emerging norm of R2P stating that there is a collective international responsibility which is exercisable by the Security Council authorizing military intervention as a last resort keeping in mind the seriousness of threat and the proportionality of the response in the event of genocide and other large-scale killing, ethnic cleansing and serious violations of humanitarian law which the Sovereign Governments have proved powerless or unwilling to prevent. The United Nations Secretary General outlined the three pillars of R2P implementation in 2009. In mass atrocity crimes technology can be used or abused for preventing or exacerbating the situation. The emergence of AI-centric warfare has raised significant challenges as that of autonomous decision making, cybersecurity risks etc. On the other hand, Artificial Intelligence also amplifies the effectiveness of humanitarian efforts by enhancing monitoring, early warning systems etc. R2P is crucial in ensuring that AI-centric warfare respects human life, dignity and international law. This research aims to contribute to the understanding of the significance, challenges and opportunities in implementing R2P in the era of AI-Centric warfare.

R2P, Artificial Intelligence, Warfare, Humanitarian law and International Law

"Responsibility to Protect in Modern Warfare: A Critical Analysis", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 7, page no.d8-d20, July-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2507302.pdf

"Responsibility to Protect in Modern Warfare: A Critical Analysis", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 7, page no. ppd8-d20, July-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2507302.pdf