• Amit Kumar
• Dr. Deepak Prasad

Abstract: A WSN refers to networked systems of autonomous sensors (also known as “motes”) that are distributed over a certain region and which collect information about the physical or environmental conditions at different locations. One of the most crucial issues in WSNs is an efficient energy resource management for battery powered nodes to maximize the network liveliness, and assure a reliable operation. The differences in energy consumption particularly between the nodes that are close to base station cause the following problems: a) spy network energy depletion tends to be too early, b) the network becomes fragmented and c) coverage holes are discovered. In this paper, different forms of energy distribution schemes from the source nodes to the destination in order to reduce energy consumption among the sensor nodes are examined. The original methods such as clustering and routing, its energy saving tries (duty cycling, data aggregation), and power saving all follow in the footsteps of balance and minimize of the communication overhead of energy consumption. Emerging techniques such as energy harvesting and wireless power transfer, provide hope to charge the nodes autonomously and to prolong the network lifetime even more. The research suggests there exists a trade-off among behavior of aggressive energy conservation and communication reliability, indicating the importance of adaptive protocol so that these conflicting requirements can be compromised. Ongoing research is motivated mainly by desired new applications for environmental monitoring, healthcare, industrial automation, and military surveillance, that require increasingly efficient and reliable energy management. This survey emphasizes the role of integrated energy distribution approaches to ensure a sustainable, scalable and maintenance-free operation of WSN deployments.

Wireless Sensor Networks, Energy Distribution, Energy Harvesting, Energy-Efficient Routing

"Integrated Energy Distribution and Management Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks for Sustainable Operations", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 7, page no.h227-h238, July-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2507730.pdf

"Integrated Energy Distribution and Management Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks for Sustainable Operations", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 7, page no. pph227-h238, July-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2507730.pdf