• Dr M RAMAKRISHNA
• Dr.CH SITA RATNAM

The success of shrimp culture depends on a number of factors, of which fertilization of the pond is a crucial step to increase the productivity of ponds for development of natural food. The required nutrients for the proper growth of shrimp are limited, because nutrient levels are depending on pond ecosystem. This can be rectified by using various fertilizers, supplementary feeds and other requirements of nutrients in pond ecosystem. The main objective of the present study is to assess the effect of physico-chemical parameters and probiotics on growth and survival of Penaeus vannmei in culture ponds at Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is a first attempt in this area with an aim of understanding the vannamei shrimp culture practices in Kakinada and expansion of shrimp culture in this area and to increase the yield per unit area by strict implementation of better management practices like pond preparation, fertilization, feed management and application of probiotics and biosecurity measures.

Vannamei shrimp, Ecosystem, Fertilization, Feed management, Probiotics, Biosecurity measures.

"OPTIMIZATION OF PENAEUS VANNAMEI (BOONE,1931) CULTURE THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: INSIGHTS FROM POND-BASED SYSTEMS IN KAKINADA OF ANDHRA PRADESH.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 7, page no.h296-h304, July-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2507738.pdf

"OPTIMIZATION OF PENAEUS VANNAMEI (BOONE,1931) CULTURE THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: INSIGHTS FROM POND-BASED SYSTEMS IN KAKINADA OF ANDHRA PRADESH.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 7, page no. pph296-h304, July-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2507738.pdf