• Dr. Balaji S. Londhe
• J. B. Gujar
• R. J. Kavade
• A. U. Chopade
• D. R. Nagargoje

A simple, mild and environment-friendly protocol has been developed for Knoevenagel condensation between aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile in the presence of bottle gourd juice at room temperature. The products are obtained in excellent yields (61-95%) and are in a state of high purity. The formation of the product has been confirmed by spectral analysis (¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and HRMS) of representative compounds. This green methodology eliminates the need for hazardous basic catalysts and elevated temperatures, making it environmentally benign and industrially viable.

Green chemistry, Knoevenagel condensation, bottle gourd juice, room temperature, natural catalyst.

"Bottle Gourd Juice Natural and Green Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation at Room Temperature", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 7, page no.h370-h375, July-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2507748.pdf

"Bottle Gourd Juice Natural and Green Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation at Room Temperature", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 7, page no. pph370-h375, July-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2507748.pdf