• Deepshikha Nema
• Ravikant Singh

The study titled “Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Vegetation Health in the Sagar Region Using Remote Sensing and GIS (2021–2024)” investigates the dynamic changes in vegetation health and productivity influenced by climatic variability and plant disease outbreaks in the Sagar region of Madhya Pradesh, India. Utilizing remote sensing tools and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, the study analyzes Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) derived from MODIS and Landsat satellite imagery over four consecutive years (2021–2024). Climatic variables such as temperature anomalies, precipitation shifts, and seasonal drought intensity were incorporated to understand their spatial correlation with vegetation stress. The analysis revealed a significant decline in NDVI values in the central and southern parts of the region, particularly during the 2022 monsoon season, attributed to prolonged dry spells and delayed rainfall. Vegetation stress zones corresponded with increased reports of Fusarium wilt in pulses and Alternaria blight in mustard crops, indicating a direct linkage between vegetation health and disease incidence. GIS-based mapping identified emerging disease hotspots in semi-arid pockets and predicted high-risk zones for crop failure. EVI provided enhanced contrast in vegetated areas, especially in fragmented agro-ecosystems, enabling refined monitoring of biomass fluctuations. Overall, the spatio-temporal data show a 12–18% reduction in vegetation greenness in affected zones from 2021 to 2024, with the year 2023 showing maximum anomaly due to erratic weather. The study underscores the importance of integrating remote sensing indicators and GIS in developing region-specific early warning systems for sustainable agricultural planning and yield prediction.

NDVI, EVI, GIS mapping, vegetation stress, disease hotspots, Sagar region, climate variability, remote sensing.

"Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Vegetation Health in the Sagar Region Using Remote Sensing and GIS (2021–2024)", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 8, page no.b726-b735, August-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2508193.pdf

"Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Vegetation Health in the Sagar Region Using Remote Sensing and GIS (2021–2024)", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 8, page no. ppb726-b735, August-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2508193.pdf