• Tarun Singh
• TARUN SINGH

This article presents an in-depth analysis of the protectionist instruments employed in the Indian economy, with a focus on tariffs, non-tariff measures (NTMs), trade policy, and the effectiveness of sector-specific interventions. First, the study outlines the structure and evolution of India's tariff system, including Basic Customs Duties, Countervailing Duties, and Safeguard Duties, alongside the increasing use of NTMs such as import licensing, technical standards, and sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS/TBT) measures. Using comparative and time-series data, the paper highlights India's tariff profile in relation to BRICS and G20 countries and estimates the Effective Rate of Protection (ERP) across key industries. Second, the article critically examines India’s trade policy in the context of its World Trade Organization (WTO) commitments. It assesses the divergence between bound and applied tariffs, the deployment of anti-dumping and safeguard duties, and the implications of WTO rulings on India’s Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes and export subsidies. A Difference-in-Differences (DiD) econometric model is applied to estimate the trade impact of WTO constraints, revealing a statistically significant decline in export growth in sectors under WTO scrutiny post-2020.

Improving the instruments of protectionism policy in the Indian economy

"Research and Analysis of the current state of the Indian economy using protection Tools.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 8, page no.c108-c115, August-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2508217.pdf

"Research and Analysis of the current state of the Indian economy using protection Tools.", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 8, page no. ppc108-c115, August-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2508217.pdf