• Dr. Alok Kumar

Although the introduction of the coupon system in 2007 was a well-intentioned reform aimed at reducing leakages and ensuring transparency, the survey findings show that it has not significantly altered ground realities. Most BPL and Antyodaya families continue to face barriers in accessing their entitlements, citing maladministration, supply shortages, and manipulation by local Fair Price Shop dealers. This reflects the persistence of systemic flaws and elite capture in welfare delivery, where policy innovations remain cosmetic without robust monitoring, accountability, and community participation. Ultimately, the findings highlight a critical paradox: despite wide coverage and repeated reform efforts, the PDS in Bihar continues to reproduce inequality and exclusion at the grassroots level. Unless structural corruption is addressed and mechanisms for transparent, accountable, and equitable distribution are strengthened, the system will remain unable to fulfill its promise of ensuring food security and reducing vulnerabilities among the state’s poorest households. The PDS remains a pivotal instrument in India’s efforts to achieve food security and support its agricultural sector. Its evolution from a universal to a targeted system reflects a strategic focus on the most vulnerable, while state autonomy allows for localized adaptations. However, ongoing efforts are needed to address operational inefficiencies and ensure equitable access to benefits. The PDS’s dual role in supporting both consumers and producers underscores its significance as a comprehensive welfare mechanism, balancing economic and social objectives in one of the world’s largest food distribution systems.

Migration, Public Distribution System, Occupation, Ration Card, Region

"The effectiveness of food security schemes in improving livelihood pattern in Bihar- A case study of Purnea district, Bihar", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 8, page no.e294-e301, August-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2508443.pdf

"The effectiveness of food security schemes in improving livelihood pattern in Bihar- A case study of Purnea district, Bihar", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 8, page no. ppe294-e301, August-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2508443.pdf