• Vasantha Kumari

Dielectric materials are indispensable components in capacitors, where their intrinsic properties dictate key performance metrics including energy density, breakdown strength, dielectric loss, and reliability. Conventional dielectric systems, such as ceramic oxides and polymer-based films, have been widely adopted due to their favorable processability and stability; however, their performance is fundamentally limited by trade-offs between dielectric constant, breakdown strength, and thermal or mechanical robustness. These limitations restrict the realization of high-energy-density capacitors required for next-generation power electronics, pulsed systems, and advanced energy storage technologies. Recent advances in nanostructured dielectrics, polymer–ceramic composites, and two-dimensional materials have opened new pathways to simultaneously enhance permittivity, efficiency, and operational stability. Nevertheless, challenges remain in terms of interface engineering, scalability of fabrication, and long-term reliability under extreme conditions. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of dielectric materials in capacitors, critically evaluates their limitations, and explores emerging strategies aimed at overcoming these barriers to enable high-performance energy storage applications.

SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅; ball milling; dielectric materials; capacitors; layered perovskite oxides; dielectric constant; dielectric loss, High temperature sensors, thermal stability X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

"BALL MILLING APPROACH TO ENHANCE DIELECTRIC PERFORMANCE OF SRBI4TI4O15 CERAMICS", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 9, page no.c152-c160, September-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2509220.pdf

"BALL MILLING APPROACH TO ENHANCE DIELECTRIC PERFORMANCE OF SRBI4TI4O15 CERAMICS", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 9, page no. ppc152-c160, September-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2509220.pdf