• M.SAJITHA HASEEN

The English language has experienced a remarkable journey from a tribal dialect spoken by Germanic settlers in Britain to its present role as the dominant global lingua franca. Its development reflects the deep interplay of history, politics, culture, and innovation, which have shaped its phonology, morphology, syntax, and vocabulary across different eras. Beginning with its Indo-European and Germanic origins, the language absorbed influences from Celtic and Latin traditions before being firmly established in Britain as Old English. The Norman Conquest transformed it into Middle English, while the Renaissance and the printing press paved the way for Early Modern English. Modern English consolidated its position through colonial expansion, industrialization, and cultural exchange, ultimately spreading across the globe. Today, English is a dynamic world language, adapting constantly to globalization, technology, and digital communication. This paper traces the evolution of English across its major historical phases, analyzing linguistic changes alongside socio-political contexts, and demonstrates how its adaptability has enabled it to survive, thrive, and achieve unparalleled global status.

English Language History, Old English, Middle English, Language Evolution, Global English, Linguistic Development

"ENGLISH LANGUAGE HISTORY: THE DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 9, page no.d376-d380, September-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2509352.pdf

"ENGLISH LANGUAGE HISTORY: THE DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 9, page no. ppd376-d380, September-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2509352.pdf