• Abhinav Kumar Alok

This article examines the transformation of Ayurveda in colonial India under the influence of biomedicine, nationalist reform, and market forces. It argues that colonial medical institutions, hospitals, and laboratories set new standards for evidence, reproducibility, and professional authority. This pushed reformist vaidyas to modernize their teaching, production, and practices. Industrial pharmacies, branded products, hybrid curricula, and professional associations arose as methods for standardization, commercialization, and knowledge negotiation. These reforms produced a selective concordance: Ayurveda adopted industrial and evidentiary forms while retaining classical ontologies and cultural legitimacy. The paper highlights the role of caste, regional variation, and nationalist discourse in shaping hybrid modernities, tracing how these developments structured postcolonial AYUSH systems. It sustains pluralism while embedding industrial, educational, and regulatory frameworks.

Ayurveda, Biomedicine, Marketization, Standardization

"Biomedicine and Ayurvedic Modernity in Colonial India: Standardization, Commercialization, and Epistemic Negotiation", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 9, page no.e680-e684, September-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2509479.pdf

"Biomedicine and Ayurvedic Modernity in Colonial India: Standardization, Commercialization, and Epistemic Negotiation", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 9, page no. ppe680-e684, September-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2509479.pdf