• S. S. Butle
• G. T. Lamdhade
• K. B. Raulkar

This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the development and application of CO₂ gas sensors based on SnO₂-WO₃-CuO oxide nanomaterials. These composite nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates for CO₂ detection due to their enhanced surface area, catalytic activity, and unique electronic properties. The paper explores various synthesis techniques, material characterization methods, and the synergistic effects of SnO₂, WO₃, and CuO in optimizing the sensing performance. The mechanisms of CO₂ adsorption and interaction at the surface of these oxide nanomaterials are examined, alongside their influence on the sensor’s response, sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. Additionally, the review addresses key challenges, including the need for high selectivity towards CO₂ over other gases, low operating temperatures, and long-term sensor stability. Applications in environmental monitoring, industrial emission control, and indoor air quality are discussed, highlighting the potential of SnO₂-WO₃-CuO-based sensors for practical CO₂ detection. The review concludes with insights into future research directions aimed at further improving the performance and practical applicability of these sensors for CO₂ monitoring.

Gas sensors; nanomaterials; copper oxide; cupric oxide; cuprous oxide; air quality monitoring.

"Gas Sensors Based on SnO₂-WO₃-CuO Oxide Nanomaterials: A Review ", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 9, page no.f611-f627, September-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2509583.pdf

"Gas Sensors Based on SnO₂-WO₃-CuO Oxide Nanomaterials: A Review ", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 9, page no. ppf611-f627, September-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2509583.pdf