• Arpit Dayalal Trivedi

In this paper, Statisistical analysis is performed on various Hubbles diagrams and Doppler Radar plots for atmospheric and Oceanographic studies. Best Line-Fit method is applied. The slope of the linear relationship provides a robust measurement of H_0. Hubble's Law, by itself, cannot prove the universe is flat, as it only describes the relationship between a galaxy's distance and its recession velocity. However, when combined with observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), it provides evidence for a flat universe. Phenomenologically Hubbles Diagram involving redshift-velocity diagram based on spectrophotometry is based on Doppler effect for Light when applied for Atmospheric and Oceanic winds, we get the same statistical behavior. These all phenomena had applied Light Doppler effect in the Astronomical, Atmospheric and Oceanic regimes. The claim that Inflation Theory predicts that the universe must be flat with ῼ_total = 1 ± 10^(-4) is largely accurate. We have inferred from all the above statistical Analysis is that O(4) is prevalent right from Astronomical (Mpc) scales to Atmospheric(miles) to oceanic scales (nautical miles). The value ± 10^(-4) in the context of inflation theory and a flat universe refers to the incredible precision with which the universe's total density must be tuned to the critical density. The prediction that inflation drives the density parameter to ῼ_total = 1 with a very small tolerance, such as ± 10^(-4). In summary, the prediction of a nearly flat universe to a precision of 10^(-4) is not a coincidence but a direct, testable consequence of the specific physics driving inflation. This precision requires the inflaton, a scalar field potential which slowly rolls down with O(4) in it’s potential energy landscape to be almost perfectly flat, and smooth to power the necessary exponential expansion.

Hubbles Law, Hubbles constant, Atmospheric sciences, Oceanoigraphic Sciences, Doppler effect, Radar, Cosmological factor ῼ, redshift, recession velocity, Big Bang Theory, Inflation theory, flat universe, roll-off, peculiar velocity, Light curves, radial velocity, Hubbles Law, Hubble time, Hubble volume, Hubble Distance, Friedmann equation, Cepheids, RR Lyrae, Super Novae, photometry, spectrophotometry, Spectral energy distribution SED, Time Dilation, standard deviation, mean square slope.

"UNIVERSE IS FLAT FROM ASTRONOMICAL TO ATMOSPHERIC/OCEANIC DISTANCES", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 10, page no.d738-d752, October-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2510395.pdf

"UNIVERSE IS FLAT FROM ASTRONOMICAL TO ATMOSPHERIC/OCEANIC DISTANCES", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 10, page no. ppd738-d752, October-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2510395.pdf