• Vishal V. Adsule

India has experienced both empowerment and unease as a result of its quick shift to a digital society. In addition to opening up new channels for cyber dangers, our increasing reliance on cyberspace has brought about opportunities for civic engagement, government, and trade. This essay explores the relationship between civil liberties, national security, and cybersecurity within the framework of the Indian constitution. Using a doctrinal approach, it examines legal frameworks such the “Indian Telegraph Act of 1885”, the “Information Technology Act of 2000” , and the more current “Digital Personal Data Protection Act of 2023” . In addition, it takes into account court rulings, like “Puttaswamy v. Union of India” , where the right to privacy was acknowledged as being fundamental to “Article 21”. This investigation reveals a recurrent conflict: courts try to mediate by defending constitutional rights, while the State frequently uses national security as an excuse for surveillance or limitations on digital rights. India appears to lag behind in terms of openness, oversight, and victim protections, according to comparative analysis from the US, UK, and EU. According to the report, India needs to implement reforms like more accountability in executive action, judicial monitoring of surveillance, and codified data protection regulations. The pursuit of cybersecurity runs the risk of undermining the fundamental liberties that the Constitution is meant to safeguard unless procedural justice is ingrained in digital government.

Cybersecurity, National Security, Civil Liberties, Privacy, Indian Constitution, Surveillance, Digital Rights, Data Protection, Civil Procedure Code

"Balancing Cybersecurity, National Security, and Civil Liberties in India’s Digital Age", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 10, page no.e154-e161, October-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2510424.pdf

"Balancing Cybersecurity, National Security, and Civil Liberties in India’s Digital Age", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 10, page no. ppe154-e161, October-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2510424.pdf