• Diwakar Prevesh
• Dr. Ramesh Kumar2

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO), a new member of the family, has been already reported to display wide range of tunable structural and electronic properties and therefore has been considered a promising material suitable for energy, sensors, catalysis and electronic applications. Unlike in case of pristine graphene in which the conduction is purely band-like, a wide variety of charge transport mechanisms are observed in rGO including band, hopping (nearest-neighbor and variable range), tunneling and percolation process [19]. Those effects are regulated by the synthetic protocols, reduction levels, residual oxygen groups, and defect concentration. Structural-transport correlations are discussed through experimental techniques like DC/AC conductivity, Hall effect, impedance spectroscopy, Raman, XPS and temperature-dependent I–V characterization. Furthermore, the “synergistic interfacial interaction” based on rGO with its nanocomposites has also been developed in combination with polymers, metals, semiconductors, and 2D/3D hybrid architectures to gain an improvement in the charge transfer efficiency. These composites have shown great promise in supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, biosensors, flexible electronics and photocatalysis. Although some progresses have been made, challenges facing controlled reduction, morphological uniformity, reproducibility, and stability in practical applications are still open. Future work should emphasize controlled syntheses at the next level, interface engineering, in situ characterization of active devices and data-based modeling to reach common understanding for charge transport. This review summarizes the basic mechanisms, characterization methods, and applications of rGO and its nanocomposites, as well as introduces new possibilities for their incorporation into advanced energy (batteries or supercapacitors), electronic (FETs) and environment-related devices.

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO); Charge transport; Nanocomposites; Hopping conduction; Tunneling; Percolation theory; Energy storage; Sensors; Flexible electronics; Photocatalysis

"Exploring the Structural, Electronic, and Charge Transport Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) and Its Nanocomposites for Advanced Energy and Electronic Applications", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 11, page no.b433-b444, November-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2511155.pdf

"Exploring the Structural, Electronic, and Charge Transport Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) and Its Nanocomposites for Advanced Energy and Electronic Applications", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 11, page no. ppb433-b444, November-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2511155.pdf