• Anirban Saha
• Sumaila Saifi

Phytochemical screening is a crucial aspect of pharmacognosy and natural product research, enabling the identification of bioactive constituents from crude drugs of plant origin. The systematic approach to phytochemical investigation involves a series of interlinked steps — extraction, isolation, purification, characterization, and identification — each contributing to the accurate elucidation of plant-derived compounds. Extraction serves as the initial step, employing solvents of varying polarity to separate phytoconstituents from plant matrices. This is followed by isolation and purification, utilizing techniques such as chromatography and crystallization to obtain individual compounds in pure form. Subsequent characterization and identification are achieved through advanced spectroscopic methods, including UV-Vis, IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry, which provide structural insights into the isolated phytochemicals. Collectively, these steps form the foundation of natural drug discovery, offering a scientific basis for the development of novel therapeutics and validating traditional medicinal uses of plants. A comprehensive understanding of these processes enhances quality control, standardization, and reproducibility in herbal research and formulation.

Phytochemical screening, extraction, isolation, purification, characterization, identification, crude drugs, natural products, chromatography, spectroscopy.

"Comprehensive Steps in Phytochemical Screening Pertaining to Extraction, Isolation, Purification, Characterization and Identification of Crude Drugs", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 11, page no.b619-b636, November-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2511178.pdf

"Comprehensive Steps in Phytochemical Screening Pertaining to Extraction, Isolation, Purification, Characterization and Identification of Crude Drugs", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 11, page no. ppb619-b636, November-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2511178.pdf