Abstract
This study presents the design and analysis of an integrated solar-powered water supply and rainwater harvesting (RWH) system developed for sustainable rural water management in Wadipir Village, Maharashtra. The project aims to ensure long-term water reliability, energy independence, and environmental sustainability through a combination of hydraulic optimization, renewable energy utilization, and groundwater recharge.Based on population forecasting for a 30-year design horizon (2022–2052), the village demand is projected to increase from 314 kL/day to 490 kL/day, necessitating system augmentation. The hydraulic assessment determined a required discharge of 13.08 L/s and a total dynamic head of 40 m, resulting in a pump power demand of 5.9 kW. A 7.4 kWp photovoltaic (PV) array with a 48V, 1000 Ah LiFePO₄ battery bank was designed to provide five hours of autonomy, enabling reliable daily operation while reducing carbon emissions by approximately 10–12 tons annually.Rainfall data analysis (average annual rainfall 950 mm, catchment area 35 ha) estimated a total runoff potential of 14,000 m³/year, equivalent to 40 kL/day. The RWH system incorporates rooftop and surface collection networks, a 12,000 m³ lined storage reservoir, five recharge wells, and two percolation trenches, collectively enhancing surface storage and aquifer recharge capacity by 2,500 m³/year. The total project cost, including collection, storage, and recharge components, is estimated at ₹123.2 lakh.The proposed integrated system significantly reduces dependence on conventional energy and groundwater sources while improving local water availability, soil moisture, and vegetation. It provides multiple environmental and social benefits, including reduced runoff, rise in groundwater table, and enhanced community participation. Overall, the study demonstrates that solar-powered RWH systems can serve as a technically feasible, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable model for decentralized rural water supply schemes in semi-arid regions.