Abstract
Sports performance results from the interplay of a combination of genetic, physiological, psychological, environmental, and socio-cultural factors. More and more, genetics has become a field of study in sports science in recent years, revealing the biological origins of athletic ability (Ahmetov & Fedotovskaya, 2022; Semenova et al., 2023). Performance analysis based on DNA demonstrates the impact of genetic variations on endurance capacity, muscle fiber makeup, recovery capability, psychological strength, and the propensity for injury (Guth & Davies, 2013; Pickering & Stevens, 2017).However, specific genes are heavily related to power and endurance—ACTN3 and ACE, or skill acquisition, strong connective tissue, and our bodies’ way of handling energy—BDNF, COL1A1, and PPARGC1A (Ginevičienė et al., 2016; Naureen et al., 2016). The highlighted aspects make it possible to create an individual training schedule, strengthen the body’s weak points, and make menus for athletes based on genetics (Pickering & Stevens, 2017; Semenova et al., 2023). Nevertheless, incorporating genetic information into sports has crucial drawbacks comprising ethical dilemmas, “genes make the final decision,” intrusion into privacy, and disparities, both socio-economic and ethical (Naureen et al., 2016; Semenova et al., 2023; Genetic Markers of Sports Performance, 2025).This paper describes the scientific background, real-life perspective, and ethical considerations of DNA-based sports performance. I believe that while genetics can positively influence training and the well-being of an athlete, the results must be seen regarding the two opposing principles—that biological potential must always be balanced with ethical and environmental responsibility.